What is air conditioning?

The definition of air conditioning is the technology of bringing indoor space conditions to standard conditions or optimal comfort. Conditions can include air quality, temperature, humidity and pressure. The design of the air conditioning system is done by a mechanical engineer using the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer principles.

The air conditioning reference standard in the United States is the ASHRAE standard and is used as a design reference along with the 14th and 16th chapters of the engineering system. The popular software for calculating thermal and cooling loads among Iranian engineers is the Carrier HAP hourly analysis software.

 

 

Types of air conditioning system:

Air conditioning systems can be classified into three categories from the user’s point of view.

• Central air conditioning systems: chillers and fan coils can be mentioned.
• Separate air conditioning systems: In a separate system, you can use a water cooler or a wall split along with an independent wall package and a radiator.
• Combined air conditioning systems: The combined system also includes a central heating engine room with radiators/hot water coils for heating, and a split wall or duct split system or water cooler for cooling.

In the field of cooling, air conditioning systems can be divided into the following two categories from the point of view of energy consumption:

• All electrical such as compression chillers, split channel, VRF VRF
• Combination of gas and electricity such as absorption chillers and GHP or gas heat pump

From the point of view of condenser cooling, air conditioning systems can be divided into two systems:

• Cool water such as cold water absorption or compression chillers that require a cooling tower

Air conditioning system such as air-cooled compression chiller, split, channel split, VRF, GHP, GHP or gas heat pump.

Air conditioning equipment:

• chiller:

It produces cold and can have a compressor or a generator, which includes two types.

Absorption chiller:

Absorption chiller cools water by using lithium bromide absorbent and water refrigerant, and in the generator part, it is possible to dehumidify lithium bromide with the help of a burner and in the form of a direct flame or with the help of steam or water pipes. These chillers are water cooled and are cooled using their condensing cooling tower.

Compression chiller:

The compressor chiller can complete the refrigeration cycle with a screw or scroll compressor. Centrifugal compression chillers are also included in this category and include single-stage impeller centrifuges, two-stage impeller centrifuges, and turbochargers. The condenser of these chillers can be water-cooled or air-cooled.

• Boiler or steel pot

It is a heat generator and produces the required hot water using natural gas and a burner. Heating packages are independent and miniaturized types of boilers, and cast iron boilers are effective for medium-sized residential office buildings.

 

• fan coil

The fan coil is a cooling and heating distribution unit that works by using water pipes connected to the coil and multi-speed fans.

• fans

A large box air conditioner has different parts that are responsible for performing various operations such as maintaining air quality with filtration, cooling, heating, humidification and dehumidification, energy recovery and pressure changes. Air conditioner can be connected to chiller, boiler or condensing unit.

• Split wall

The air conditioner consists of two parts, the external unit including the compressor, the condenser along with the fan and the capillary tube or the expansion valve, and the internal unit including the evaporator and the evaporator fan and the body, which is connected between the two units using copper pipes .It is possible to produce cooling and heating from the split wall, which is also known as the DX system, using electrical energy.

• Split channel

It is the same as a wall split, with the difference that the internal unit is installed in the form of a built-in ceiling fan coil, and the air, after cooling, reaches different spaces through channels and vents. It is possible to install a heating coil in front of the channel split and connect it to the central/independent gas heating system so that the unit can be heated with natural gas energy in winter.

• VRF

VRF is a combination of wall-mounted, ducted or ducted indoor units with central outdoor units, which is used for medium-sized projects. So that every internal unit is not connected to an external unit and several internal units are connected to an external unit.

 

Applications of air conditioners:

1. Institutional buildings such as hospitals and nursing homes

2 . Commercial buildings such as offices, stores and shopping centers

3. Residential buildings such as single-unit, multi-unit residential buildings, high-rise buildings and towers.
4. Production halls and sheds and product warehouses
5. And any type of building or other sheds and halls such as cinema, sports hall, hotel, educational building, etc.