Cooling systems in office and industrial buildings
The design and selection of cooling systems in office and industrial buildings, the design and construction of structures to maintain the comfort and peace of residents and employees is of great importance.Common cooling systems between office and industrial buildings are divided into 5 categories, which are introduced in this article:
Cooling systems in office buildings:
1 -Evaporative cooling:
Evaporative cooling receive the outside air and by passing the outside air through their wet bags, they direct the cool air to the indoor environment by fans and channels.
Advantages :
- Due to cooling with water, the air coming out of water coolers has moisture, which is suitable for dry environments.
- Water coolers are the cheapest type of cooling systems.
- Electricity consumption in water coolers is low.
Disadvantages :
- Only having fast and slow laps.
- Excessive water consumption.
- Water coolers transfer dust from the outside to the indoor environment.
- Using normal water to cool the environment.
2 -Split duct :
Split duct consists of condenser, air conditioner and copper pipes. When the refrigerant gas cools, it enters the condenser and from there it reaches the expansion valve, then cooling is created in the central split duct system and this cooling is directed to separate parts by channels.
Advantages :
- Split ducts are a good option for large buildings.
- The piping volume of this system is small compared to other systems.
- The cost of installing the split duct system is reasonable.
Disadvantages :
- This system is not recommended for environments that require silence.
- Split duct has high power consumption.
- This system is only capable of equalizing the environment.
3 -Air conditioning :
This model of the cooling system converts liquid refrigerant into gas, then takes the heat from the environment and returns cool air to the environment.
The types of air conditioners are:
- standing air conditioners
- Portable air conditioner
- Shortcoming air conditioner
- Window air conditioner
Advantages :
- The capacity of air conditioners is 9000 to 90000.
- Due to its separate motor, air conditioners produce little noise.
- This model of the cooling system can be converted into a heating system without the need for ducting and piping.
- Air conditioners purify the ambient air with the help of the filters they have.
Disadvantages :
- Air conditioners are only suitable for dirty environments.
- This system has a high power consumption.
- The air conditioner system is not suitable for the environment.
4 -Central split :
The central split is used in large buildings and has two single-phase and three-phase models. The power source of the central split is three-phase electricity or municipal gas.
Advantages :
- Central splits purify the air through the filters they have.
- Central splits have a heat exchanger and steam injection.
- This model of cooling systems occupies little space.
Disadvantages :
- This system is not recommended for environments with a small area.
- This system has a high power consumption.
- The central split system has a high initial installation cost.
5 -Chiller :
Chillers separate the heat from the liquid by compressing the steam and send the cooled water to the channels by the pump to collect the heat. Chillers have high power and capacity and are divided into two compression and absorption models, which work with compression model with electrical energy and absorption model with thermal energy.
Advantages :
- They are suitable for large environments.
- They do not have noise pollution.
- lead to energy savings.
Disadvantages :
- This system has a shorter lifespan than other systems.
- Chillers need constant servicing.
Cooling systems in industrial buildings:
1 -Heater unit :
The heater unit consists of a number of coils and fans, in this system, cold water enters the coils by the chiller and air is blown around the coils by the fan. Unit heaters have two wall and floor models.
Advantages :
- Unit heaters have high wind power.
- This system is cheaper than other systems.
- The heater unit does not need ducting.
Disadvantages :
- This system is not suitable for environments that need fresh air because it cannot introduce fresh air into the environment.
- This system produces high noise and leads to noise pollution.
- The heater unit needs constant servicing.
2 -Air conditioner :
An air conditioner is a device that works with the help of a chiller and a coil and is installed outside the hall and shed and delivers cool air to the desired environment through ducting.
Advantages :
- It is very suitable for environments that require precise adjustment for their input humidity.
- This system has a high diversity.
- The air conditioning system is suitable for the environment.
Disadvantages :
- It is difficult to adjust the amount of air inlet flow in this system.
- This system is suitable for environments with a large area.
3 -Air washer :
The components of the airwasher are the same as the air conditioner, with the difference that the air washer does not have a cold water coil, and like a water cooler, it cools by evaporative cooling in such a way that it injects water into the air through nozzles, then this cool air is channeled. transmitted to the environment.
Advantages :
- In addition to producing cool air, the air washer also increases humidity, and for this reason, it is suitable for dry and semi-dry environments.
- Due to not having a chiller, it is economical to use an air washer.
- Airwasher energy consumption is low.
Disadvantages :
- This system requires environments with a large area.
- If the water used in this system is not clean, there will be health problems for the users.
4 -Zent :
This system also cools with the help of evaporation like the air washer, with the difference that the air washer injects water into the air through nozzles, but the Zent takes the heat from the environment with the help of wet cloths.
Zents are used in three ways: horizontal, vertical and ceiling.
Advantages :
- The fans can use both fresh air and return air from the channel.
- It is economical to use Zent.
- This system can be used in 4 seasons.
Disadvantages :
- Zents cannot accurately calculate humidity and are not suitable for humid environments
- This system has high water consumption.
- The cooling of this system is weaker than other systems.
5 -Econopack :
This system creates cooling in two ways, 1- evaporation like airwasher and Zent 2- in the form of cold water coil
The first mode is suitable for environments where humidity control is not important for the desired environment.
The second mode is suitable for environments where humidity regulation is important for the desired environment.
6 -Unit package :
This package is a combination of an air conditioning system and a compression chiller and is suitable for environments that require accurate humidity calculation.